The evidence.
Rule of this archive: if a year appears on a page, its source appears next to it. Here is the whole list.
- The Hammond/Leslie Age Determination List — tonewheelgeneral.com (owner registrations, ver. 4.169, 2014)
- The Hammond/Leslie Age Determination List — tonewheelgeneral.com (owner registrations, ver. 4.169, 2014)
- The Hammond/Leslie Age Determination List — tonewheelgeneral.com (owner registrations, ver. 4.169, 2014)
- HammondWiki — model production years and identifier notes
- Serial plate locations for 1970s+ models (community guide)
- Hammond/Leslie identifiers — A-100 decoy numbers, AO-28 transformer colour
- Organ Forum — "Leslie speaker serial numbers" thread (pencilled dates, FA/FB tags, motor codes)
- Captain Foldback — Leslie kits & model guide
- Wikipedia — Allen Organ Company
- Organ Forum — identifying Allen digital/computer organs (plate location, early MOS models)
- Allen Organ — customer support
- Wikipedia — Rodgers Instruments
- Rodgers — history of Rodgers organ models (1955–2023)
- Organ Forum — identifying a Rodgers church organ (plate location, 32-series differences)
- Wikipedia — Yamaha Electone
- Yamaha owner’s manual (HC-4/HC-2) — "NAME PLATE LOCATION" diagram
- Wikipedia — Lowrey organ
- lowreyorgan.uk — dating late-model Lowrey organs (serial scheme, 72 service manuals)
- Organ Forum — identifying a Lowrey organ (plate locations, bench stamps)
- Wikipedia — Baldwin Piano Company
- Wikipedia — Wurlitzer
- Raymon Brothers — owner’s manuals for Conn, Thomas, Kimball and friends
- Wikipedia — Thomas Organ Company
- Wikipedia — Gulbransen
- gulbransen.com — company statement ("no longer in business")
- Wikipedia — Kimball International
- Wikipedia — Estey Organ Company
- Pump Organ Restorations — how to find your organ’s serial number
- Estey Organ Museum — resources for restorers
- Wikipedia — Mason & Hamlin
The Hammond/Leslie tables are envelopes of owner registrations from the community list (version 4.169, retired 2014; retrieved via 2018 archive), cross-checked by submitters against physical date codes. Where sources disagree, we say so rather than averaging.